An antibody titer is a test that can be done to find out that a person is immune. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory and tested for antibodies. If a person has developed a sufficient level of antibodies, they may not need the booster dose of vaccine. An important thing to be aware of before going to a booster Covid -19 dose such that • If you have a record of the previous vaccinations you have received, get your titers drawn first. • Measure your…
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DIVORCE EFFECTS ON CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOUR AND DEVELOPMENT
Nowadays, one in four children will have to face their parents’ divorce and one in ten children live with only one of them, usually the mother. For all families, the divorce can trigger a series of changes potentially stressful for each member. The child and family tasks where before guided by two parents, now are responsibility of one, such as family roles and functioning can become chaotic. In the preceding months to divorce, many families face financial problems that could result in changes of home, school, and job. According to…
Read MoreDOHA DECLARATION : A GUIDE TO IMPLEMENTATION FOR PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY
Though the Doha Declaration was initially received very well, anxiety again was widespread as about the interpretation of Paragraph 6 of the Declaration specifying when countries can import drugs produced elsewhere under compulsory Licensing(CL). A decision regarding the same was announced in 2003 and was adopted in the form of waiver of Article 31 (f) (that the compulsory Licensing(CL) would be predominantly for the supply of domestic market) in December 2005. As per this waiver, a country could issue a compulsory license on the basis of public health need either…
Read MoreUNPLANNED SCHOOL CLOSURES : IMPACT AND EMPIRICAL REVIEW
In rich and poor countries alike, measures restricting movement or even outright confinement have had significant impacts on education systems. Within days, schools and universities closed in many countries around the world, leaving pupils and students but also parents and teachers, facing major challenges. Differences in the economic levels of countries, the energy and telecommunication capacities, the skills of teachers and the dynamism of educational teams have led to the Covid-19 pandemic emergence of a highly heterogeneous map of how this educational crisis has been handled with a deepening of…
Read MoreGARDENING: WELLBEING FOR MENTAL HEALTH
It has commonly stated that “Mental health and wellbeing” can positively affect almost every area of a person’s life: education, employment, family and relationships. It can help people achieve their potential, realise their ambitions, cope with adversity, work productively and contribute to their community and society. Promoting mental health and wellbeing has multiple benefits. It improves health outcomes, life expectancy, productivity and educational and economic outcomes and reduces violence and crime. Estimates from 2006 put the wider economic costs of mental health problems at over £110 billions per year. We can define wellbeing as “a positive…
Read MoreCOUPLES ATTACHMENT INSECURITY IN STRESSFUL COVID-19 CONTEXTS
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an acute, challenging event that puts to the test whether models in relationship science help identify whose relationships are vulnerable to disruption in the wake of this unprecedented global event. The current longitudinal study leveraged to examine whether pre-existing vulnerabilities (attachment insecurity) assessed prior to the pandemic and stress during a mandated quarantine predicted residual changes in relationship functioning. Partners’ attachment anxiety emerged as a consistent vulnerability that, along with stress, increased the risk of poor relationship functioning, including greater relationship problems, a more chaotic and less cohesive family environment and lower relationship quality. These results uniquely emphasize that the potential…
Read MoreEPISTEMOLOGY ON COVID-19 VACCINE AND IDEAL VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENT FOR COVID-19
Vaccination is the process of administering a vaccine, i.e., a biological substance intended to stimulate a recipient’s immune system to produce antibodies or to undergo other changes that provide future protection against specific infectious diseases. Immunization is the stimulation of changes in the immune system through which that protection occurs. These two concepts differ slightly in that administration of a vaccine may not always result in satisfactory immunization (protection) and that immunization may sometimes occur as a result of processes other than administration of a vaccine, e.g., through the body’s…
Read MorePSYCHOSIS : HEALTH CARE EXIGENCY AND REQUIRE POLICYMAKING
Psychosis is a medical term used to describe hearing or seeing things that are not there, or holding delusional beliefs. Common examples include hearing voices or believing that people are trying to do you harm. It can be experienced as a one-off episode, but if left untreated can lead to long term illness and disability. Early Intervention in Psychosis(EIP) can significantly improves a young person’s prospects of recovering from psychosis. It also reduces the likelihood that they will relapse or be detained under the mental health, potentially saving the medical…
Read MoreROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG DATA IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC OUTBREAK : CHALLENGES, LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : PART II
As the COVID-19 outbreak is booming, various approaches have been taken to control this outbreak. For example, lockdown, social distancing, screen and testing at a large scale. In this way, regulatory authorities occupy a crucial role in defining policies that can encourage the involvement of residents, scientists and researchers, industry, giant techs and large firms, as well as harmonizing the approaches executed by different entities to avoid any barriers and obstacles in the way of preventing the COVID-19 disease. Regarding this challenge, many attempts have been made from the first…
Read MoreROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG DATA IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC OUTBREAK: PART I
The very first infected novel coronavirus case (COVID-19) was found in Hubei, China in December 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread over many countries and areas in the world, and has significantly affected every aspect of our daily lives. Artificial Intelligence(AI) thriving technology for many intelligent applications in various fields. Some high-profile examples of AI are autonomous vehicles (e.g., self-driving car and drones) in automotive, medical diagnosis and telehealth in healthcare, cybersecurity systems (e.g., malware and botnet detection), AI banking in finance, image processing and natural language processing in computer…
Read MoreUNITED NATIONS 75TH ANNIVERSARY: CRITICAL ANALYSIS
“The new millennium presents the most appropriate time to review the history of United Nations(UN) institution, its successes and failures, and expectations for its future.” Opinions may differ about the successes and failure of the United Nations as an instrument for world peace and security. But everyone will agree that it has played a crucial role in the economic and social advancement of the people. United Nation’s efforts in the early Cold War era concentrated on the relationships between nations and the issues of war and peace. The UN has…
Read MoreDEVELOPMENT OF PANDEMIC HEALTH INSURANCE MARKET & NEEDS TO IMPROVE PANDEMIC RESPONSE
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Read MoreCOVID-19 LOCKDOWN DEADLINE IN AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH OUTCOMES
The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented reductions in economic activity. But lockdown events have reduced air pollution levels by approximately 20% across most of the countries in the world. The reduced air pollution levels come with a substantial health co-benefit in terms of avoided premature deaths and paediatric asthma cases that accompanied the COVID-19 containment measures. In many developing nations economic growth has exacerbated air pollutant emissions with severe consequences for the environment and human health. Long term exposure to air pollution including fine particulate…
Read MoreZOONOTIC DISEASES PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR OUTBREAKS OF ANIMAL DISEASES, RESPONSE & RECOVERY
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Read MoreCHINA : HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS’ ATTACK AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE AND FACTS
During the years 1931-1945, Japan pursued a Biological Weapons(BW) program and conducted Biological Weapons(BW) field tests against Chinese military and civilian targets. According to some Japanese estimates, including from former members of the Japanese Imperial Army, the total number of Chinese killed by military use of Biological Weapons(BW) was about 21,000 people, most of these from cholera.(This figure does not include the more than 3,000 Chinese, Korean, and other prisoners of war who died in Japanese Biological Weapons(BW) experiments.) Chinese estimates are much greater. During Japan’s invasion of China, Biological Weapons(BW) was carried…
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