Though the Doha Declaration was initially received very well, anxiety again was widespread as about the interpretation of Paragraph 6 of the Declaration specifying when countries can import drugs produced elsewhere under compulsory Licensing(CL). A decision regarding the same was announced in 2003 and was adopted in the form of waiver of Article 31 (f) (that the compulsory Licensing(CL) would be predominantly for the supply of domestic market) in December 2005. As per this waiver, a country could issue a compulsory license on the basis of public health need either…
Read MoreAuthor: Ashvin Barshinge
UNPLANNED SCHOOL CLOSURES : IMPACT AND EMPIRICAL REVIEW
In rich and poor countries alike, measures restricting movement or even outright confinement have had significant impacts on education systems. Within days, schools and universities closed in many countries around the world, leaving pupils and students but also parents and teachers, facing major challenges. Differences in the economic levels of countries, the energy and telecommunication capacities, the skills of teachers and the dynamism of educational teams have led to the Covid-19 pandemic emergence of a highly heterogeneous map of how this educational crisis has been handled with a deepening of…
Read MoreGARDENING: WELLBEING FOR MENTAL HEALTH
It has commonly stated that “Mental health and wellbeing” can positively affect almost every area of a person’s life: education, employment, family and relationships. It can help people achieve their potential, realise their ambitions, cope with adversity, work productively and contribute to their community and society. Promoting mental health and wellbeing has multiple benefits. It improves health outcomes, life expectancy, productivity and educational and economic outcomes and reduces violence and crime. Estimates from 2006 put the wider economic costs of mental health problems at over £110 billions per year. We can define wellbeing as “a positive…
Read MoreCOUPLES ATTACHMENT INSECURITY IN STRESSFUL COVID-19 CONTEXTS
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an acute, challenging event that puts to the test whether models in relationship science help identify whose relationships are vulnerable to disruption in the wake of this unprecedented global event. The current longitudinal study leveraged to examine whether pre-existing vulnerabilities (attachment insecurity) assessed prior to the pandemic and stress during a mandated quarantine predicted residual changes in relationship functioning. Partners’ attachment anxiety emerged as a consistent vulnerability that, along with stress, increased the risk of poor relationship functioning, including greater relationship problems, a more chaotic and less cohesive family environment and lower relationship quality. These results uniquely emphasize that the potential…
Read MoreINDIAN INFLUENCE IN AFGHANISTAN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN
Updating Soon
Read MoreNEEDFULNESS HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES AMENDMENT DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND UPCOMING PANDEMIC OUTBREAK
The nation faces an unprecedented public health crisis, businesses are grappling with how to support their workforce, implement emergency policies and sustain their businesses amidst economic uncertainty. As of millions of workers especially frontline workers paid low wages are facing dire extremes: either experiencing layoffs or reduced hours, or working under demanding and often unsafe conditions. Many workers lack emergency protections and benefits to meet the needs of this moment. We must encourage companies to adopt multiple practices and focus on applying them as broadly and equitably as possible, to…
Read MoreEPISTEMOLOGY ON COVID-19 VACCINE AND IDEAL VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENT FOR COVID-19
Vaccination is the process of administering a vaccine, i.e., a biological substance intended to stimulate a recipient’s immune system to produce antibodies or to undergo other changes that provide future protection against specific infectious diseases. Immunization is the stimulation of changes in the immune system through which that protection occurs. These two concepts differ slightly in that administration of a vaccine may not always result in satisfactory immunization (protection) and that immunization may sometimes occur as a result of processes other than administration of a vaccine, e.g., through the body’s…
Read MoreFOREST FIRE : TYPES AND IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN LIFE
Fire has been a source of disturbance for thousand of years. Forest and wild land fires have been taking place historically, shaping landscape structure, pattern and ultimately the species composition of ecosystems. The ecological role of fire is to influence several factors such as plant community development, soil nutrient availability and biological diversity. Forest and wild land fire are considered vital natural processes initiating natural exercises of vegetation succession. However uncontrolled and misuse of fire can cause tremendous adverse impacts on the environment and the human society. Forest fire is a…
Read MorePSYCHOSIS : HEALTH CARE EXIGENCY AND REQUIRE POLICYMAKING
Psychosis is a medical term used to describe hearing or seeing things that are not there, or holding delusional beliefs. Common examples include hearing voices or believing that people are trying to do you harm. It can be experienced as a one-off episode, but if left untreated can lead to long term illness and disability. Early Intervention in Psychosis(EIP) can significantly improves a young person’s prospects of recovering from psychosis. It also reduces the likelihood that they will relapse or be detained under the mental health, potentially saving the medical…
Read MoreGROWING ORGANIC DETERMINANTS REGULATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Updating Soon
Read MoreROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG DATA IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC OUTBREAK : CHALLENGES, LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : PART II
As the COVID-19 outbreak is booming, various approaches have been taken to control this outbreak. For example, lockdown, social distancing, screen and testing at a large scale. In this way, regulatory authorities occupy a crucial role in defining policies that can encourage the involvement of residents, scientists and researchers, industry, giant techs and large firms, as well as harmonizing the approaches executed by different entities to avoid any barriers and obstacles in the way of preventing the COVID-19 disease. Regarding this challenge, many attempts have been made from the first…
Read MoreEMPIRICAL POLICY FOR AGRICULTURE PRICES VOLATILITY
The minimum support price (MSP) acts basically as an insurance cover to cultivators against the possibility of post harvest crash in market prices. More positively, it serves as an incentive to farmers and stimulates higher production by encouraging the use of modern inputs and by inducing investment in cost-reducing technology. The MSP system was started in India in the mid-1960s to create a favourable incentive environment for the adoption of High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice, which were seen to possess a vast potential for raising grain production. After about one…
Read MoreHUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS : OVERVIEW OF PROBLEMS, COMPLEXITIES AND CHALLENGES
Updating Soon
Read MoreCONSEQUENCES OF SCHOOL CLOSING AND ICT TRAINING NEEDS FOR TEACHING PROFESSIONALS
The current context under the threat of the pandemic as a result of COVID-19 is causing a series of transformations in the different spheres of social, political, labour, and economic life. Different governments have launched emergency policy initiatives based on the suspension of classes and the closure of educational centres to continue teaching activities from homes telematically through the use of information and communication technologies to be able to stop the number of infections. Consequently, education professionals are carrying out a process of assimilation toward new circumstances with a few…
Read MoreDEVELOPING COUNTRIES NEEDFULNESS ON CLIMATE CHANGE
“A developing country, also known as a less-developed countries (LDC), is a nation with a low living standard, undeveloped industrial base, and low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries. But former United Nations (UN) Secretary General, Kofi Annan defined a developed country as follows: “A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment.” However, the United Nations Statistics Division caution that” “there is no established convention for the designation of “developed” and “developing countries or areas…
Read More