The development of new information technology has improved the ability to communicate and share information with others, thus enhancing freedom of expression and democratic participation. However, these technological developments have also made it possible for electronic surveillance and communications interception to be carried out on a large scale and with relative ease. Furthermore, arbitrary communications surveillance poses a threat to anonymity of communications and in turn human rights defenders, whistleblowers and investigative journalism – all of which are important elements of a free and democratic society. Article 17 of the…
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DRUG DEVELOPMENT FOR COVID – 19 : CHALLENGES AND KEY CONSIDERATION FOR CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGNS
Identification of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the associated coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) global pandemic is the foremost human tragedy affecting our life today. This disease has reached nearly every country, causing significant morbidity and mortality as it continues to spread. The development of drugs and vaccines is critical to win the battle against the COVID-19 virus. At present, although different countries have employed different methods of controlling COVID-19 based on their national conditions and health-care systems, the general strategy is consistent: Flatten the growth curve of COVID-19 infections…
Read MoreIMPORTANCE OF ANTIBODY TITERS AMIDST COVID – 19 PANDEMIC AND ADOPTION OF cDNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR GLOBAL HEALTH STABILITY
An antibody titer is a test that can be done to find out that a person is immune. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory and tested for antibodies. If a person has developed a sufficient level of antibodies, they may not need the booster dose of vaccine. An important thing to be aware of before going to a booster Covid -19 dose such that • If you have a record of the previous vaccinations you have received, get your titers drawn first. • Measure your…
Read MoreDRONE WARFARE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Under the United Nations Charter, states agree to “settle their international disputes in a peaceful manner” and “refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.” This is generally viewed as a blanket prohibition on the use of force by one state inside the borders of another sovereign state. Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter outlines just two exceptions to this prohibition. First, if the Security Council identifies “any threat to the peace, breach of the…
Read MoreDIGITAL AUTHORITARIANISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY
Digital authoritarianism is “the use of digital information technology by authoritarian regimes to surveil, repress, and manipulate domestic and foreign populations”. Essentially it refers to the use of digital and technological means to increase control and limit the freedom and rights of citizens. For example, digital authoritarianism entails actions such as; limiting internet freedom, internet access and free speech online, collecting personal data for illegitimate purposes, surveillance and tracking of online activities, especially those of regime critics. We can sums up digital authoritarianism in six different techniques: surveillance, censorship, social…
Read MoreEPISTEMOLOGY ON COVID-19 VACCINE AND IDEAL VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENT FOR COVID-19
Vaccination is the process of administering a vaccine, i.e., a biological substance intended to stimulate a recipient’s immune system to produce antibodies or to undergo other changes that provide future protection against specific infectious diseases. Immunization is the stimulation of changes in the immune system through which that protection occurs. These two concepts differ slightly in that administration of a vaccine may not always result in satisfactory immunization (protection) and that immunization may sometimes occur as a result of processes other than administration of a vaccine, e.g., through the body’s…
Read MoreROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG DATA IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC OUTBREAK : CHALLENGES, LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS : PART II
As the COVID-19 outbreak is booming, various approaches have been taken to control this outbreak. For example, lockdown, social distancing, screen and testing at a large scale. In this way, regulatory authorities occupy a crucial role in defining policies that can encourage the involvement of residents, scientists and researchers, industry, giant techs and large firms, as well as harmonizing the approaches executed by different entities to avoid any barriers and obstacles in the way of preventing the COVID-19 disease. Regarding this challenge, many attempts have been made from the first…
Read MoreBIG DATA AND HUMAN RIGHTS
The data relating to our own actions and the data generated and reported on by “things”, are also increasingly shared and/or exploited in aggregate form, as so-called Big Data. In this new environment, we are generate extremely detailed personalized or quasi-personalized data trails even if we are only half aware of them. These data can be used to map social networks along with the spiders’ webs of contacts linked to further contacts. Combined with Big Data and profiles, they can show surprisingly revealing details of every man and woman’s life, beliefs, inclinations,…
Read MoreUNITED NATIONS 75TH ANNIVERSARY: CRITICAL ANALYSIS
“The new millennium presents the most appropriate time to review the history of United Nations(UN) institution, its successes and failures, and expectations for its future.” Opinions may differ about the successes and failure of the United Nations as an instrument for world peace and security. But everyone will agree that it has played a crucial role in the economic and social advancement of the people. United Nation’s efforts in the early Cold War era concentrated on the relationships between nations and the issues of war and peace. The UN has…
Read MoreCHINA : HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS’ ATTACK AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE AND FACTS
During the years 1931-1945, Japan pursued a Biological Weapons(BW) program and conducted Biological Weapons(BW) field tests against Chinese military and civilian targets. According to some Japanese estimates, including from former members of the Japanese Imperial Army, the total number of Chinese killed by military use of Biological Weapons(BW) was about 21,000 people, most of these from cholera.(This figure does not include the more than 3,000 Chinese, Korean, and other prisoners of war who died in Japanese Biological Weapons(BW) experiments.) Chinese estimates are much greater. During Japan’s invasion of China, Biological Weapons(BW) was carried…
Read MorePRECISION AGRICULTURE WITH BIG DATA ANALYTICS
In traditional agriculture, a schedule is predetermined considering factors such as rainfall, suitable weather, etc. and all tasks are performed in order accordingly. Despite their efforts, farmers face difficulty in making proper decisions due to lack of essential information at appropriate time. Thus, it is required to collect real time data on weather, air quality, and soil fertility and even on availability of labour and essential capital investment in total and analytical predictions, to make ingenious decisions. This way of farming is known as precision agriculture. Big data has emerged big in integrating various industries across…
Read MoreSTEPS OF INNOVATION FOR FUTURE FUELS: PART II
In June 2018, Norway launched an updated national strategy for research, development, demonstration and commercialisation of new climate-friendly energy technology. Fast-track from idea to market PILOT-E is a collaboration between different Norwegian energy research, development and demonstration support schemes. it works as a “fast-track” through the stages of research from idea to market. PILOT-E has been highlighted at earlier Ministerials and has been very successful. The maritime sector has been a priority so far. By 2022, around 70 new electric ferries will be operating on the Norwegian fords. There are also projects for hydrogen ferries underway. This is being made possible by public funding to develop the…
Read MoreSTEPS OF INNOVATION FOR FUTURE FUEL: PART I
For innovation in future fuel strategies & policies, few countries had agreed to provide information on strategies and plans for their respective governmental and/or state directed clean energy research and development investment over five years. New investments are focused on transformational clean energy technology innovations that can be scaled to varying economic and energy market conditions that exist in the countries and in the broader world. We can have bureau of some countries innovation strategies and policies for future fuel. The Government of Japan formulated the Strategic Energy Plan in…
Read MoreIMPACT OF BIG DATA ON HUMAN RIGHTS
The data relating to our own actions and the data generated and reported on by “things”, are also increasingly shared and/or exploited in aggregate form, as so-called Big Data. In this new environment, we are generating extremely detailed personalized or quasi personalized data trails. We are hardly aware about it. These data can be used to map social networks. The spiders’ webs of contacts linked to further contacts. Combined big data and profile can show details of every man and woman’s life, activities, health, beliefs with a high degree of…
Read MoreTOMORROWS TECHNOLOGY FOR TODAYS FARMER
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