National IDs are offered to those who are citizens of a given state. Even the more limited forms of biometric ID such as enhanced driver’s licenses contain or connect with citizenship data. National citizenship is undoubtedly prized by some, but what is meant by that phrase varies from place to place and is also undergoing historic transformations. Citizenship means of warding off the vagaries of arbitrary rule and of holding governments accountable appears to have such capacities attenuated. Indeed, new border ID practices seem to many to foster a sense…
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IMPACT OF BIG DATA ON HUMAN RIGHTS
The data relating to our own actions and the data generated and reported on by “things”, are also increasingly shared and/or exploited in aggregate form, as so-called Big Data. In this new environment, we are generating extremely detailed personalized or quasi personalized data trails. We are hardly aware about it. These data can be used to map social networks. The spiders’ webs of contacts linked to further contacts. Combined big data and profile can show details of every man and woman’s life, activities, health, beliefs with a high degree of…
Read MoreELECTION WIN AND TERROR ATTACKS
Nowadays to damage and threaten democracies, the terrorism is become a biggest challenge to the world. It’s damage the legitimacy of the state. By analysing the electoral mandates, we can get a better understanding of how citizens reward or punish governments in the aftermath of terrorist attacks. Along with better understanding of how terrorist’s actions do corrosive effects on the legitimacy of democratic systems. Does terrorism turn voters against governments, or do citizens “rally around the flag”? Understanding the relationship between terrorist attacks and electoral behaviour is key to find…
Read MorePOLICE COMPLAINT AUTHORITY: ACCOUNTABILITY AND REVIEW
For many years there has been concern about lack of independence in the system of investigating complaints against police officers. The police hold a unique position in society with powers to interfere in the lives of the public and responsibilities to act independently to uphold the law.Inevitably at times this places them in positions of dispute and conflict and will lead to complaints.If citizens are to have confidence in the police service as a whole they must feel that when they complain about individual instances of police misconduct. Their allegations…
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