Although it is widely acknowledged that the use of proxy forces has a wealth of historical antecedents, their systematic study is a rather recent phenomenon. Despite the increased attention that the use of proxies in conflict has drawn in recent years, however, scholars have yet to agree on a general, integrated theory of proxy sponsorship. One major impediment toward the emergence of such a theory has been a lack of terminological and conceptual clarity related to the use of proxies in conflict. The present study places its analytical attention on…
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REGIONALISM AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN THE MULTIPOLAR ORDER: PART II
Although regionalism has often been portrayed as a force opposed to globalization, both processes are intrinsically linked to global developments. Moreover, during the “third phase” of regionalism, globalization itself can be seen as one of the main drivers of regionalism and regionalization. In the emerging inter-polar world order, regional cooperation and integration are likely to continue to play a major role. Within the context of the current transformation of the world order, however, regional developments have attained rather limited public and scholarly attention. This is peculiar as regional cooperation continues…
Read MoreIN SEARCH FOR A BETTER MODEL FOR SPACE GOVERNANCE THROUGH THE DECENTRALIZATION OF THE CURRENT STATE OF SPACE GOVERNANCE (OT MAY 2026 EDITION FINAL)
The crisis in space governance has not escaped the notice of the space community. The 2014 Manfred Lachs International Conference, organized by the McGill University Institute of Air and Space Law and held in Montreal, was devoted to this issue, under the general theme of Global Space Governance. The conference culminated with the Montreal Declaration, which noted that “the current global space governance system that was created during the 1960s and 1970s has not been comprehensively examined by the international community since . . . [although] numerous developments have occurred…
Read MoreINTERNATIONAL COLLECTIVE ACTION FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
Reducing the risks of climate change is the most important example of the provision of a global public good. It is also in many ways the ‘purest’ example of a public good in that emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from any one country have the same effect on the atmosphere as those from any other. Climate change also shares some key characteristics with other environmental challenges that require the international management of common resources, including the depletion of fisheries, the protection of the ozone layer, and with the provision of…
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